Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
They developed chemical separation and radiation measurement techniques on terrestrial radioactive substances. During the twenty years that followed 1897 the concepts of radionuclides was born. [1] Since Curie's time, applications of radioanalytical chemistry have proliferated.
Bremsstrahlung produced by a high-energy electron deflected in the electric field of an atomic nucleus. In particle physics, bremsstrahlung / ˈ b r ɛ m ʃ t r ɑː l ə ŋ / [1] (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁɛms.ʃtʁaːlʊŋ] ⓘ; from German bremsen ' to brake ' and Strahlung ' radiation ') is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by ...
[1] [2] The scope of the term often differs; some definitions limit the term's use to techniques which study the microscopic structure and properties of materials, [2] while others use the term to refer to any materials analysis process including macroscopic techniques such as mechanical testing, thermal analysis and density calculation. [3]
The types of radiation that can alter structural materials are neutron radiation, ion beams, electrons (beta particles), and gamma rays.All of these forms of radiation have the capability to displace atoms from their lattice sites, which is the fundamental process that drives the changes in structural metals.
In the case of time-independent monochromatic radiation in an elastically scattering medium, the RTE is [1] (,) = (,) + (,) (, ′) ′where the first term on the RHS is the contribution of emission, the second term the contribution of absorption and the last term is the contribution from scattering in the medium.
When Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895 [1] physicists were uncertain of the nature of X-rays, but suspected that they were waves of electromagnetic radiation.The Maxwell theory of electromagnetic radiation was well accepted, and experiments by Charles Glover Barkla showed that X-rays exhibited phenomena associated with electromagnetic waves, including transverse polarization and ...
The classical approximation to EM radiation is good when the number of photons is much larger than unity in the volume (), where λ is the length of the radio waves. [citation needed] In that case quantum fluctuations are negligible.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy uses the intrinsic magnetic moment that arises from the spin angular momentum of a spin-active nucleus. [1] If the element of interest has a nuclear spin that is not 0, [1] the nucleus may exist in different spin angular momentum states, where the energy of these states can be affected by an external magnetic field.