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The Pamunkey Indian Tribe was the first tribe in Virginia to gain federal recognition, which they achieved through the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 2015. [5] In 2017, Congress recognized six more tribes through the Thomasina E. Jordan Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act.
The Occaneechi are Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands whose historical territory was in the Piedmont region of present-day North Carolina and Virginia. [2]In the 17th century they primarily lived on the large, 4-mile (6.4 km) long Occoneechee Island and east of the confluence of the Dan and Roanoke rivers, near current-day Clarksville, Virginia.
The Wicocomico people were encountered by Captain John Smith in 1608 as he explored Virginia. [2] He notes a village of about 130 men on the South side of the mouth of the Patawomeke (Potomac) River. The Northumberland County Court began manipulating and interfering in the governance of the local tribes by the mid-17th century.
The Accomac people [3] were a historic Native American tribe in Accomack and Northampton counties in Virginia. [1] They were loosely affiliated with the Powhatan Confederacy . [ 1 ] Archeological and historical record suggest trading relationships between the Accomacs and the Powhatans as well as other related groups such as the Occohannocks .
Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Helen C. Rountree. The Powhatan Indians of Virginia: Their Traditional Culture. Norman, Univ. of Oklahoma Press (1989). Helen C. Rountree. Pocahontas's People: The Powhatan Indians of Virginia through Four Centuries. Norman, Univ. of Oklahoma Press (1990).
In 1753, these two tribes were formally adopted in New York by their former enemies, the Iroquois, specifically the Cayuga nation. In 1870, there was a report of Nikonha (Tutelo, c. 1765–1871), a "merry old man named Mosquito" living in Canada, who claimed to be "the last of the Manahoac" and the legal owner of much of northern Virginia. [7]
Subsequent raids in Virginia and Maryland were blamed on the tribe. In September 1675, a thousand-man expedition against the Susquehannock was mounted by militia from Virginia and Maryland led by John Washington and Thomas Truman. After arriving at the Susquehannock town, Truman and Washington summoned five sachems to a parley but then had them ...
Under pressure from English settlers and Seneca Iroquois, they joined with other Virginia Siouan tribes in the late 17th century and became collectively known as the Nahyssan. By 1740, they had largely left Virginia and migrated north to seek protection from their former Iroquois opponents. They were adopted by the Cayuga tribe of New York in 1753.