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The Pamunkey Indian Tribe was the first tribe in Virginia to gain federal recognition, which they achieved through the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 2015. [5] In 2017, Congress recognized six more tribes through the Thomasina E. Jordan Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act.
The Wicocomico people were encountered by Captain John Smith in 1608 as he explored Virginia. [2] He notes a village of about 130 men on the South side of the mouth of the Patawomeke (Potomac) River. The Northumberland County Court began manipulating and interfering in the governance of the local tribes by the mid-17th century.
The Accomac people [3] were a historic Native American tribe in Accomack and Northampton counties in Virginia. [1] They were loosely affiliated with the Powhatan Confederacy . [ 1 ] Archeological and historical record suggest trading relationships between the Accomacs and the Powhatans as well as other related groups such as the Occohannocks .
Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Helen C. Rountree. The Powhatan Indians of Virginia: Their Traditional Culture. Norman, Univ. of Oklahoma Press (1989). Helen C. Rountree. Pocahontas's People: The Powhatan Indians of Virginia through Four Centuries. Norman, Univ. of Oklahoma Press (1990).
The Occaneechi are Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands whose historical territory was in the Piedmont region of present-day North Carolina and Virginia. [2]In the 17th century they primarily lived on the large, 4-mile (6.4 km) long Occoneechee Island and east of the confluence of the Dan and Roanoke rivers, near current-day Clarksville, Virginia.
The Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia is one of Virginia's eleven state-recognized Native American tribes. [18] It is however not federally recognized. It achieved state recognition in February 2010. [19] In the 17th century, at the time of early English colonization, the Patawomeck tribe was a "fringe" component of the Powhatan Confederacy
Any Indian who killed a colonist was to be brought to the governor as a prisoner. Because the colonists claimed to be unable to distinguish one Indian from another, no Indian was to enter a colonial settlement with his face painted or carrying a weapon, or even to approach a settlement without laying down his weapons or calling out to identify ...
Tribes raided their enemies to sell captives as slaves to the colonists in Virginia and further north. But, the colonial legislature took 15 years until it abolished Indian slavery in 1691. As the Appomattoc population began to dwindle, the people were vulnerable to attack from traditional western enemy tribes.