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Capital expenditures are the funds used to acquire or upgrade a company's fixed assets, such as expenditures towards property, plant, or equipment (PP&E). [3] In the case when a capital expenditure constitutes a major financial decision for a company, the expenditure must be formalized at an annual shareholders meeting or a special meeting of the Board of Directors.
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) is a component of the expenditure on gross domestic product (GDP) that indicates how much of the new value added in an economy is invested rather than consumed. It measures the value of acquisitions of new or existing fixed assets by the business sector , governments , and "pure" households (excluding their ...
If, for example, this ratio is greater than 1, machinery can be bought at one price and then generate output worth the larger amount that is reflected in its market value, giving positive economic profit. In some research, investment is modeled as an increasing function of the gap between the optimal capital stock and the current capital stock ...
In financial accounting, free cash flow (FCF) or free cash flow to firm (FCFF) is the amount by which a business's operating cash flow exceeds its working capital needs and expenditures on fixed assets (known as capital expenditures). [1]
In economics, capital goods or capital are "those durable produced goods that are in turn used as productive inputs for further production" of goods and services. [1] A typical example is the machinery used in a factory. At the macroeconomic level, "the nation's capital stock includes buildings, equipment, software, and inventories during a ...
Less common is the measure used by Paul M. Sweezy, i.e., +, the ratio of constant capital to the total capital invested. The total capital tied up by a capitalist enterprise includes more than fixed assets, materials and wages/salaries; it also includes liquid funds, reserves and other financial assets.
Consumption of fixed capital in percent of GDP, Germany, Japan, United States, computed from data of Ameco data base. Consumption of fixed capital (CFC) is a term used in business accounts, tax assessments and national accounts for depreciation of fixed assets. CFC is used in preference to "depreciation" to emphasize that fixed capital is used ...
A = Capital recovery (amortization) factor F = Sinking fund amortization factor I = Investment S = Estimated salvage value = Operating expense stream d = CCA rate per year for tax purposes t = rate of taxation n = number of years i = cost of capital, rate of interest, or minimum rate of return (whichever is most relevant) and where