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The misinformation effect is an example of retroactive interference which occurs when information presented later interferes with the ability to retain previously encoded information. Individuals have also been shown to be susceptible to incorporating misleading information into their memory when it is presented within a question. [ 5 ]
Research exploring attention and the sharing of misinformation found that participants shared misinformation because their attention was focused on factors other than accuracy. [ 8 ] The inattentional blindness theory, then, suggests that shifting attention to accuracy and veracity will increase the quality of news that people subsequently ...
Most current research is based on inoculation theory, a social psychological and communication theory that explains how an attitude or belief can be protected against persuasion or influence in much the same way a body can be protected against disease—for example, through pre-exposure to weakened versions of a stronger, future threat. The ...
In a paper released online this month but not yet peer-reviewed, the researchers tracked misinformation trends by analyzing nearly 136,000 fact-checks dating back to 1995, with the majority of ...
Decades of research, and attempts to educate the public, have failed to eradicate the misinformation, which is still widely believed. [7] In another example, shortly after the Boston Marathon bombing, the claim that a student who had survived the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting had been killed by the bombing began to spread across social ...
Elizabeth F. Loftus (born 1944) is an American psychologist who is best known in relation to the misinformation effect, false memory and criticism of recovered memory therapies. [ 1 ] Loftus's research includes the effects of phrasing on the perceptions of automobile crashes, the "lost in the mall" technique and the manipulation of food ...
For example, studies were done on trauma-related guilt characteristics of war veterans with chronic PTSD 8. [28] All though there has been limited research, significant data proves that hindsight bias, in terms of guilt and responsibility from traumatic events of war, has an effect on war veteran’s personal events of wrongdoing.
By the 1950s, the production and use of biased "scientific" research was part of a consistent "disinformation playbook", used by companies in the tobacco, [118] pesticide [119] and fossil fuels industries. [60] [106] [120] In many cases, the same researchers, research groups, and public relations firms were hired by multiple industries. They ...