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  2. Proline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline

    Furthermore, proline is rarely found in α and β structures as it would reduce the stability of such structures, because its side chain α-nitrogen can only form one nitrogen bond. Additionally, proline is the only amino acid that does not form a red-purple colour when developed by spraying with ninhydrin for uses in chromatography. Proline ...

  3. Hydroxyproline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyproline

    Hydroxyproline and proline play key roles for collagen stability. [4] They permit the sharp twisting of the collagen helix. [5] In the canonical collagen Xaa-Yaa-Gly triad (where Xaa and Yaa are any amino acid), a proline occupying the Yaa position is hydroxylated to give a Xaa-Hyp-Gly sequence.

  4. Secondary amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_amino_acid

    Secondary amino acids can be classified to cyclic acids, such as proline, and acyclic N-substituted amino acids. [1] [2] In nature, proline, hydroxyproline, pipecolic acid and sarcosine are well-known secondary amino acids. Proline is the only proteinogenic secondary amino acids. Other secondary amino acids are non-proteinogenic amino acids. In ...

  5. Amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid

    Proline forms a cycle to the polypeptide backbone, and glycine is more flexible than other amino acids. Glycine and proline are strongly present within low complexity regions of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins, whereas the opposite is the case with cysteine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, methionine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, which are ...

  6. Arginine and proline metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arginine_and_proline...

    Arginine and proline metabolism is one of the central pathways for the biosynthesis of the amino acids arginine and proline from glutamate. The pathways linking arginine, glutamate, and proline are bidirectional. Thus, the net utilization or production of these amino acids is highly dependent on cell type and developmental stage.

  7. Amino acid synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid_synthesis

    The commercial production of amino acids usually relies on mutant bacteria that overproduce individual amino acids using glucose as a carbon source. Some amino acids are produced by enzymatic conversions of synthetic intermediates. 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of L-cysteine for example.

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