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Impression management is usually used synonymously with self-presentation, in which a person tries to influence the perception of their image. The notion of impression management was first applied to face-to-face communication , but then was expanded to apply to computer-mediated communication .
In 1961, Goffman received the American Sociological Association's MacIver award for The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. [3] Philosopher Helmut R. Wagner called the book "by far" Goffman's best book and "a still unsurpassed study of the management of impressions in face-to-face encounters, a form of not uncommon manipulation." [2]
Self-monitoring is defined as a personality trait that refers to an ability to regulate behavior to accommodate social situations. People concerned with their expressive self-presentation (see impression management) tend to closely monitor their audience in order to ensure appropriate or desired public appearances. [3]
A person's self-image was viewed as important in relational development. Later applications of impression management were undertaken once online communication began. [22] Selective self-presentation is not as likely to occur in FtF communication as in CMC due to the ability to observe all the obvious traits in person. [6]
In other words, Goffman believed that impression management can be achieved only if the audience is in sync with a person's self-perception. If the audience disagrees with the image someone is presenting then their self-presentation is interrupted.
According to Snyder (1974) self-monitoring is the personality difference in individual's degree of preference to both self-expression and self-presentation. [11] Self-monitoring is a form of impression management in which a person examines a situation and behaves accordingly. Although self-monitoring is measured on a continuous scale ...
Ingratiation has been confused with another social psychological term, Impression management. Impression management is defined as "the process by which people control the impressions others form of them." [6] While these terms may seem similar, it is important to note that impression management represents a larger construct of which ...
Hyperpersonal model can be deemed as the theoretical framework for the research on exaggerated social process in CMC mainly from the following perspectives: 1)selective presentation, 2)Impression management, 3)Impression management in CMC, 4) idealized interpretation, 5)interpersonal feedback loop, 6)Identity shift, and 7) influence of feedback ...