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Cyclohexane is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used). Cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon. [5] Cyclohexyl (C 6 H 11) is the alkyl substituent of cyclohexane and is ...
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations.
The process steps may be sequential in time or sequential in space along a stream of flowing or moving material; see Chemical plant. For a given amount of a feed (input) material or product (output) material, an expected amount of material can be determined at key steps in the process from empirical data and material balance calculations.
It is used when observing a physical process, to record actions as they happen, and thus get an accurate description of the process. It is used when analyzing the steps in a process, to help identify and eliminate waste—thus, it is a tool for efficiency planning. It is used when the process is mostly sequential, containing few decisions.
In another major industrial process, cyclohexanol is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, typically using cobalt catalysts: [24] 2 C 6 H 12 + O 2 → 2 C 6 H 11 OH. This process coforms cyclohexanone, and this mixture ("KA oil" for ketone-alcohol oil) is the main feedstock for the production of adipic acid, used to make nylon.
Cyclohexane is a prototype for low-energy degenerate ring flipping. Two 1 H NMR signals should be observed in principle, corresponding to axial and equatorial protons. However, due to the cyclohexane chair flip, only one signal is seen for a solution of cyclohexane at room temperature, as the axial and equatorial proton rapidly interconvert ...
For cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and cyclohexadiene, dehydrogenation is the conceptually simplest pathway for aromatization. The activation barrier decreases with the degree of unsaturation. Thus, cyclohexadienes are especially prone to aromatization. Formally, dehydrogenation is a redox process. Dehydrogenative aromatization is the reverse of ...
Cyclohexylmethanol can be produced in two step starting with the hydroformylation of cyclohexene. This process also give cyclohexane, resulting from hydrogenation. The resulting cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde is then hydrogenated to give the alcohol. [5] [6]