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According to Aaron Beck's cognitive model, a negative outlook on reality, sometimes called negative schemas (or schemata), is a factor in symptoms of emotional dysfunction and poorer subjective well-being. Specifically, negative thinking patterns reinforce negative emotions and thoughts. [2]
fear of spiders and other arachnids such as scorpions, a zoophobia: Astraphobia: fear of thunder and lightning: Atelophobia: fear of imperfection; a synonym of perfectionism: Athazagoraphobia: fear of forgetting, forgetfulness and/or being forgotten [11] [12] Atychiphobia: fear of failure [13] or negative evaluations of others Autophobia: fear ...
This includes catastrophic expectations of gloom and doom, fear of failure, random thoughts, feelings of inadequacy, self-condemnation, negative self-talk, frustration and comparing oneself unfavorably to others. Cognitive/Behavioral – poor concentration, "going blank" or "freezing," confusion, and poor organization. The inability to ...
Schadenfreude (/ ˈ ʃ ɑː d ən f r ɔɪ d ə /; German: [ˈʃaːdn̩ˌfʁɔʏ̯də] ⓘ; lit. Tooltip literal translation "harm-joy") is the experience of pleasure, joy, or self-satisfaction that comes from learning of or witnessing the troubles, failures, pain, suffering, or humiliation of another.
The process of EA is thought to be maintained through negative reinforcement — that is, short-term relief of discomfort is achieved through avoidance, thereby increasing the likelihood that the avoidance behavior will persist. Importantly, the current conceptualization of EA suggests that it is not negative thoughts, emotions, and sensations ...
Some models propose that rumination is focused on negative feeling states and/or the circumstances surrounding that emotion (RST, rumination on sadness, five-factor model, [27] negative cognitive style, [28] social phobia [29] models). Rumination in other models focuses on discrepancies between one's current and desired status (goal progress ...
Splitting, also called binary thinking, dichotomous thinking, black-and-white thinking, all-or-nothing thinking, or thinking in extremes, is the failure in a person's thinking to bring together the dichotomy of both perceived positive and negative qualities of something into a cohesive, realistic whole.
Beck suggests that people with negative self-schemata are liable to interpret information presented to them in a negative manner, leading to the cognitive distortions outlined above. The pessimistic explanatory style , which describes the way in which depressed or neurotic people react negatively to certain events, is an example of the effect ...