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The Congreve rocket was a type of rocket artillery designed by British inventor Sir William Congreve in 1808. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The design was based upon the rockets deployed by the Kingdom of Mysore against the East India Company during the Second , Third , and Fourth Anglo-Mysore Wars .
A portrait of Congreve by James Londale made c. 1812. Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet KCH FRS (20 May 1772 – 16 May 1828) was a British Army officer, Tory politician, publisher and inventor. [1] A pioneer in the field of rocket artillery, he was renowned for his development and use of Congreve rockets during the Napoleonic Wars. [2]
The bombardment included 300 Congreve rockets, which caused fires. [a] Due to the civilian evacuation, the normal firefighting arrangements were ineffective; over a thousand buildings were burned. [26] On 5 September, the Danes sued for peace, and the capitulation was signed on 7 September. Denmark agreed to surrender its navy and its naval stores.
Congreve rockets from Congreve's original work; these weapons were successively employed during the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812. [6] The Indian Tipu Sultan's rocket experiences, including Munro's book of 1789, [7] eventually led to the Royal Arsenal beginning a military rocket R&D program in 1801. Several rocket cases were collected ...
William Congreve was born in Stafford on 4 July 1742. He and his first wife, Rebecca Elmston, had four children together, two sons and two daughters. [1] His eldest son, William Congreve, invented the Congreve Rocket. [2] His second wife, Julia-Elizabeth Eyre, died aged 78 in 1831. [3] Congreve was made a Baronet on 7 December 1812. [4]
The early Mysorean rockets and their successor British Congreve rockets [59] reduced veer somewhat by attaching a long stick to the end of a rocket (similar to modern bottle rockets) to make it harder for the rocket to change course. The largest of the Congreve rockets was the 32-pound (14.5 kg) Carcass, which had a 15-foot (4.6 m) stick.
British Rockets at Fort McHenry; Congreve, William (1827), A treatise on the general principles, powers, and facility of application of the Congreve Rocket system, as compared with artillery: Illustr. by pl. of the principal exercises and cases of actual service: With a demonstration of the comparative economy of the system. (Longman).
The town itself was still held by five Franco-Saxon battalions. Captain Bogue of the British Rocket Brigade, advanced with his unit and began firing Congreve rockets into the town, causing the defenders to fall back in disorder. Bogue, seizing the moment, charged at the head of his escort squadron of cavalry.