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In computing, a linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) is a shift register whose input bit is a linear function of its previous state. The most commonly used linear function of single bits is exclusive-or (XOR). Thus, an LFSR is most often a shift register whose input bit is driven by the XOR of some bits of the overall shift register value.
In cryptography, the shrinking generator is a form of pseudorandom number generator intended to be used in a stream cipher.It was published in Crypto 1993 by Don Coppersmith, Hugo Krawczyk and Yishay Mansour.
Others have mentioned this, but to summarize: the Galois and Fibonacci LFSR should have the numbering of their taps reversed. Specifications like USB define Galois polynomials e.g. x^16 + x^5 + x^4 + x^3 + 1 which corresponds to taps at 16, 5, 4, 3. However, for industry, this is defined for a Galois LFSR with numbering starting from the left.
In their paper, [1] Meier and Steffelbach prove that a LFSR-based self-shrinking generator with a connection polynomial of length L results in an output sequence period of at least 2 L/2, and a linear complexity of at least 2 L/2-1. Furthermore, they show that any self-shrinking generator can be represented as a shrinking-generator.
The normal "full-stop" f-number scale for modern lenses is as follows: 1, 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32, but many lenses also allow setting it to half-stop or third-stop increments. A "slow" lens (one that is not capable of passing a lot of light through) might have a maximum aperture from 5.6 to 11, while a "fast" lens (one that can ...
OSLO provides an integrated software environment that helps complete contemporary optical design. More than a lens design software, OSLO provides advanced tools for designing medical instrumentation, illuminations systems and telecommunications equipment, to name just a few typical applications.
The C/A codes are generated by combining (using "exclusive or") two bit streams, each generated by two different maximal period 10 stage linear-feedback shift registers (LFSR). Different codes are obtained by selectively delaying one of those bit streams. Thus: C/A i (t) = A(t) ⊕ B(t-D i) where: C/A i is the code with PRN number i.
The Berlekamp–Massey algorithm is an algorithm that will find the shortest linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) for a given binary output sequence. The algorithm will also find the minimal polynomial of a linearly recurrent sequence in an arbitrary field .