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Color charge is a property of quarks and gluons that is related to the particles' strong interactions in the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Like electric charge, it determines how quarks and gluons interact through the strong force; however, rather than there being only positive and negative charges, there are three "charges", commonly called red, green, and blue.
A quark, which will have a single color value, can form a bound system with an antiquark carrying the corresponding anticolor. The result of two attracting quarks will be color neutrality: a quark with color charge ξ plus an antiquark with color charge −ξ will result in a color charge of 0 (or "white" color) and the formation of a meson.
Charm quark; Color charge; Cosmological constant; Cosmological constant problem; Dark matter; Electron; Electroweak interaction; ... Chart of particle classification ...
The pattern of strong charges for the three colors of quark, three antiquarks, and eight gluons (with two of zero charge overlapping). Quarks are massive spin- 1 ⁄ 2 fermions that carry a color charge whose gauging is the content of QCD.
Besides the quark confinement idea, there is a potential possibility that the color charge of quarks gets fully screened by the gluonic color surrounding the quark. Exact solutions of SU(3) classical Yang–Mills theory which provide full screening (by gluon fields) of the color charge of a quark have been found. [ 13 ]
In 1964, Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig introduced quarks and that same year Oscar W. Greenberg implicitly introduced color charge of quarks. [8] In 1967 Steven Weinberg [ 9 ] and Abdus Salam [ 10 ] incorporated the Higgs mechanism [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] into Glashow's electroweak interaction , giving it its modern form.
Their respective antiparticles are the antiquarks, which are identical except that they carry the opposite electric charge (for example the up quark carries charge + 2 / 3 , while the up antiquark carries charge − 2 / 3 ), color charge, and baryon number.
The pattern of weak isospin T 3, weak hypercharge Y W, and color charge of all known elementary particles, rotated by the weak mixing angle to show electric charge Q, roughly along the vertical. The neutral Higgs field (gray square) breaks the electroweak symmetry and interacts with other particles to give them mass.