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An anterior cruciate ligament injury occurs when the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is either stretched, partially torn, or completely torn. [1] The most common injury is a complete tear. [ 1 ] Symptoms include pain, an audible cracking sound during injury, instability of the knee, and joint swelling . [ 1 ]
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL reconstruction) is a surgical tissue graft replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament, located in the knee, to restore its function after an injury. [1] The torn ligament can either be removed from the knee (most common), or preserved (where the graft is passed inside the preserved ruptured ...
The Evans technique is a surgical procedure to treat the mechanical instability of the lateral ankle ligaments. [1] [2]In the Evans procedure, [3] the peroneus brevis muscle is separated from its musculotendinous compound and its proximal end is sutured to the peroneus longus.
The Broström operation (or Broström-Gould technique) is a repair of ligaments on lateral ankle. It is designed to address ankle instability. More importantly, it is primarily used to repair the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) in the ankle. It is thought that the majority of patients regain most function in their ankles.
Typically there is a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and either the medial collateral ligament or lateral collateral ligament. [3] If the ankle–brachial pressure index is less than 0.9, CT angiography is recommended to detect blood vessel injury. [3] Otherwise repeated physical exams may be sufficient. [2]
Surgical treatment of posterolateral corner injuries depend on whether the injury is of an acute or chronic nature and whether it is isolated to the posterolateral corner or combined with another ligamentous injury. Operative treatment is aimed at an anatomical repair or reconstruction rather than a non-anatomic reconstruction of the torn ...
Tendons and ligaments play an active role in maintaining joint stability and controls the limits of joint movements, once injured tendons and ligaments detrimentally impact motor functions. [2] [8] Continuous exercise or movement of a musculoskeletal injury can result in chronic inflammation with progression to permanent damage or disability. [9]
Artificial ligaments are devices used to replace damaged ligaments. Today, the most common use of artificial ligaments is in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction . [ 1 ] Although autotransplantation remains the most common method of ligament reconstruction, numerous materials and structures were developed to optimize the artificial ...