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Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge.Also called "theory of knowledge", it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowledge in the form of skills, and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience.
Ontology is the philosophical study of being.It is traditionally understood as the subdiscipline of metaphysics focused on the most general features of reality.As one of the most fundamental concepts, being encompasses all of reality and every entity within it.
In philosophy and epistemology, epistemic theories of truth [1] are attempts to analyze the notion of truth in terms of epistemic notions such as knowledge, belief, acceptance, verification, justification, and perspective.
The ontological turn is an increased interest in ontology within a number of philosophical and academic disciplines during the early 2000s. The ontological turn in anthropology is not concerned with anthropological notions of culture , epistemology , nor world views . [ 1 ]
Epistemology—claims about the possibility, scope, and means toward relevant knowledge of the world; Ontology—claims about what things, such as categories and entities, exist in the world; In the philosophy of science, the distinction between knowledge and reality is termed epistemic versus ontic.
Ontological reductionism denies the idea of ontological emergence, and claims that emergence is an epistemological phenomenon that only exists through analysis or description of a system, and does not exist fundamentally. [15] In some scientific disciplines, ontological reductionism takes two forms: token-identity theory and type-identity ...
The root of the words subjectivity and objectivity are subject and object, philosophical terms that mean, respectively, an observer and a thing being observed.The word subjectivity comes from subject in a philosophical sense, meaning an individual who possesses unique conscious experiences, such as perspectives, feelings, beliefs, and desires, [1] [3] or who (consciously) acts upon or wields ...
“the decisive question is not the alleged ontological question of the existence of abstract entities but rather the question whether the rise of abstract linguistic forms or, in technical terms, the use of variables beyond those for things (or phenomenal data), is expedient and fruitful for the purposes for which semantical analyses are made ...