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If a connected graph is a Cartesian product, it can be factorized uniquely as a product of prime factors, graphs that cannot themselves be decomposed as products of graphs. [2] However, Imrich & Klavžar (2000) describe a disconnected graph that can be expressed in two different ways as a Cartesian product of prime graphs:
In graph theory, a graph product is a binary operation on graphs. Specifically, it is an operation that takes two graphs G 1 and G 2 and produces a graph H with the following properties: The vertex set of H is the Cartesian product V ( G 1 ) × V ( G 2 ) , where V ( G 1 ) and V ( G 2 ) are the vertex sets of G 1 and G 2 , respectively.
A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).
tensor graph product (or direct graph product, categorical graph product, cardinal graph product, Kronecker graph product): it is a commutative and associative operation (for unlabelled graphs), zig-zag graph product; [3] graph product based on other products: rooted graph product: it is an associative operation (for unlabelled but rooted ...
Another model, which generalizes Gilbert's random graph model, is the random dot-product model. A random dot-product graph associates with each vertex a real vector. The probability of an edge uv between any vertices u and v is some function of the dot product u • v of their respective vectors.
Any graph (which need not be simple; loops and multiple edges are allowed) is a uniform incidence structure with two points per line. For these examples, the vertices of the graph form the point set, the edges of the graph form the line set, and incidence means that a vertex is an endpoint of an edge.
Statistical graphics have been central to the development of science and date to the earliest attempts to analyse data. Many familiar forms, including bivariate plots, statistical maps, bar charts, and coordinate paper were used in the 18th century.
The tensor product of graphs. In graph theory, the tensor product G × H of graphs G and H is a graph such that the vertex set of G × H is the Cartesian product V(G) × V(H); and; vertices (g,h) and (g',h' ) are adjacent in G × H if and only if. g is adjacent to g' in G, and; h is adjacent to h' in H.