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Naraka (Sanskrit: नरक; Chinese: 地獄／奈落; pinyin: Dìyù/Nàiluò; Japanese: 地獄／奈落, romanized: Jigoku/Naraku) is a term in Buddhist cosmology [1] usually referred to in English as "hell" (or "hell realm") or "purgatory". [2] [3] Another term used for the concept of hell in earlier writings is niraya. [4]
The word "purgatory" has come to refer to a wide range of historical and modern conceptions of postmortem suffering short of everlasting damnation. [4] English-speakers also use the word analogously to mean any place or condition of suffering or torment, especially one that is temporary. [5]
According to traditional Japanese beliefs, all humans have a spirit or soul called a reikon ().When a person dies, the reikon leaves the body and enters a form of purgatory, where it waits for the proper funeral and post-funeral rites to be performed so that it may join its ancestors. [1]
When a person dies in an unexpected, violent or traumatic way, the reikon remains amongst the living as a yūrei, or ghost, who must complete an unfinished duty amongst the living or be given a proper ritual to ease its passing into the next world.
The Daijisen (大辞泉, "Great fountain of knowledge (wisdom)/source of words") is a general-purpose Japanese dictionary published by Shogakukan in 1995 and 1998. It was designed as an "all-in-one" dictionary for native speakers of Japanese, especially high school and university students.
First, it will be useful to introduce some key Japanese terms for dictionaries and collation (ordering of entry words) that the following discussion will be using.. The Wiktionary uses the English word dictionary to define a few synonyms including lexicon, wordbook, vocabulary, thesaurus, and translating dictionary.
The Sanseidō kokugo jiten (三省堂国語辞典, Sanseido's Japanese Dictionary), or the Sankoku (三国) for short, is a general-purpose Japanese dictionary. It is closely affiliated with another contemporary dictionary published by Sanseidō, the Shin Meikai kokugo jiten. The Sanseidō kokugo jiten has been revised about once a decade.
The Second edition is the largest Japanese dictionary published with roughly 500,000 entries and supposedly 1,000,000 example sentences. It was composed under the collaboration of 3000 specialists, not merely Japanese language and literature scholars but also specialists of History , Buddhist studies , the Chinese Classics , and the social and ...