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The main purpose under the act was the prohibited use of violence or any form of intimidation to prevent the freedmen from voting and denying them that right. There were many provisions placed under the act, many with serious consequences. The Enforcement Acts were created as part of the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War. To ...
The act was passed by the 42nd United States Congress and signed into law by United States President Ulysses S. Grant on April 20, 1871. The act was the last of three Enforcement Acts passed by the United States Congress from 1870 to 1871 during the Reconstruction Era to combat attacks upon the suffrage rights of African Americans. The statute ...
Profits were made at the expense of Native Americans who were supposed to receive food and clothing from the government. [217] In late April 1876, Grant lashed out at Lieut. Col. George A. Custer , after Custer had testified at a Congressional committee one month before against Grant's brother Orville and Sec. Belknap.
Grant blamed Custer wholly for the defeat stating that the sacrifice of troops was unnecessary. [63] The Indian appropriations measure of August 1876 marked the end of Grant's Peace Policy. The Sioux were given the choice of either selling their lands in the Black Hills for cash or not receiving government gifts of food and other supplies. [64]
Congress did not give him that, but instead wrote a law for equal rights to public accommodations that was passed as a memorial to Grant's bitterest enemy, the late Senator Charles Sumner. [4] Grant never commented on the 1875 law, and did nothing to enforce it, says historian John Hope Franklin. [5]
The new act also required that the person "has never borne arms against the United States Government or given aid and comfort to its enemies"; unlike the 1848 and 1850 laws, it did not have any provision mentioning race. The act insured adult U.S. citizens 160 acres of land from the government to "improve their plot by cultivating the land". [32]
The Black Codes, sometimes called the Black Laws, were laws which governed the conduct of African Americans (both free and freedmen).In 1832, James Kent wrote that "in most of the United States, there is a distinction in respect to political privileges, between free white persons and free colored persons of African blood; and in no part of the country do the latter, in point of fact ...
Protecting Grant, Congress passed the Command of the Army Act, preventing his removal or relocation, and forcing Johnson to pass orders through Grant. [ 252 ] In August 1867, bypassing the Tenure of Office Act , Johnson discharged Secretary of War Edwin Stanton without Senate approval and appointed Grant ad interim Secretary of War.