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However, material silica gel removes moisture by adsorption onto the surface of its numerous pores rather than by absorption into the bulk of the gel. Silica gel is able to adsorb up to 37% of its own weight in moisture in high-humidity environments. [7] This moisture can be released upon heating at about 120 °C (248 °F) [8] [7] for 1–2 ...
The lowest-density silica nanofoam weighs 1,000 g/m 3, [58] which is the evacuated version of the record-aerogel of 1,900 g/m 3. [59] The density of air is 1,200 g/m 3 (at 20 °C and 1 atm). [60] The silica solidifies into three-dimensional, intertwined clusters that make up only 3% of the volume. Conduction through the solid is therefore very low.
Normally, materials hold less moisture when they are hotter, and more moisture when they are colder. Occasionally, a set of isotherms are provided on one graph that shows each curve at a different temperature. Such a set of adsorption isotherms is provided in Figure 3 as measured by Dini on a Type V silica gel. [4] Figure 3. Type V Isotherm ...
In acidic solutions, the silicate ions react with hydrogen ions to form silicic acids, which tend to decompose into hydrated silicon dioxide gel. [citation needed] Heated to drive off the water, the result is a hard translucent substance called silica gel, widely used as a desiccant. It can withstand temperatures up to 1100 °C. [citation needed]
Hydrated silica is a primary ingredient in modern toothpastes, serving as a high performance abrasive during cleaning. [1] Hydrated silica is a form of silicon dioxide, which has a variable amount of water in the formula. When dissolved in water, it is usually known as silicic acid.
In contrast, silica gel can be regenerated by heating it in a regular oven to 120 °C (250 °F) for two hours. However, some types of silica gel will "pop" when exposed to enough water. This is caused by breakage of the silica spheres when contacting the water. [13]
Colloidal silicas are most often prepared in a multi-step process where an alkali-silicate solution is partially neutralized, leading to the formation of silica nuclei. The subunits of colloidal silica particles are typically in the range of 1 to 5 nm. Whether or not these subunits are joined depends on the conditions of polymerization.
Precipitated silica is an amorphous form of silica (silicon dioxide, SiO 2); it is a white, powdery material. Precipitated silica is produced by precipitation from a solution containing silicate salts. The three main classes of amorphous silica are pyrogenic silica, precipitated silica and silica gel.
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