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Demographic statistics are measures of the characteristics of, or changes to, a population. Records of births, deaths, marriages, immigration and emigration and a regular census of population provide information that is key to making sound decisions about national policy. [1] [2] A useful summary of such data is the population pyramid. It ...
The Demography of the World Population from 1950 to 2100. Data source: United Nations — World Population Prospects 2017. Demography (from Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos) ' people, society ' and -γραφία (-graphía) ' writing, drawing, description ') [1] is the statistical study of human populations: their size, composition (e.g., ethnic group, age), and how they change through the ...
In the study of age-structured population growth, probably one of the most important equations is the Euler–Lotka equation.Based on the age demographic of females in the population and female births (since in many cases it is the females that are more limited in the ability to reproduce), this equation allows for an estimation of how a population is growing.
Statistics itself also provides tools for prediction and forecasting through statistical models. To use a sample as a guide to an entire population, it is important that it truly represents the overall population. Representative sampling assures that inferences and conclusions can safely extend from the sample to the population as a whole. A ...
The sample size is an important feature of any empirical study in which the goal is to make inferences about a population from a sample. In practice, the sample size used in a study is usually determined based on the cost, time, or convenience of collecting the data, and the need for it to offer sufficient statistical power. In complex studies ...
Social statistics is the use of statistical measurement systems to study human behavior in a social environment. This can be accomplished through polling a group of people, evaluating a subset of data obtained about a group of people, or by observation and statistical analysis of a set of data that relates to people and their behaviors.
Using these techniques, Malthus' population principle of growth was later transformed into a mathematical model known as the logistic equation: = (), where N is the population size, r is the intrinsic rate of natural increase, and K is the carrying capacity of the population. The formula can be read as follows: the rate of change in the ...
In the lower plot, both the area and population data have been transformed using the logarithm function. In statistics, data transformation is the application of a deterministic mathematical function to each point in a data set—that is, each data point z i is replaced with the transformed value y i = f(z i), where f is a function.