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Examples of swarm intelligence in natural systems include ant colonies, bee colonies, bird flocking, hawks hunting, animal herding, bacterial growth, fish schooling and microbial intelligence. The application of swarm principles to robots is called swarm robotics while swarm intelligence refers to the more general set of algorithms.
Gerardo Beni (born Florence, Italy 21 February 1946) is a professor of electrical engineering at University of California, Riverside who, with Jing Wang, is known as the originator of the term swarm intelligence [1] [2] in the context of cellular robotics and the concept of electrowetting, [3] with Susan Hackwood.
The design of swarm robotics systems is guided by swarm intelligence principles, which promote fault tolerance, scalability, and flexibility. [1] Unlike distributed robotic systems in general, swarm robotics emphasizes a large number of robots. While various formulations of swarm intelligence principles exist, one widely recognized set includes:
Unanimous AI is an American technology company provides artificial swarm intelligence (ASI) technology. [1] [2] [3] Unanimous AI provides a "human swarming" platform "swarm.ai" (formally called UNU) that allows distributed groups of users to collectively predict answers to questions.
A flock of auklets exhibit swarm behaviour. Swarm behaviour, or swarming, is a collective behaviour exhibited by entities, particularly animals, of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving en masse or migrating in some direction. It is a highly interdisciplinary topic. [1]
In the ABC algorithm, the first half of the swarm consists of employed bees, and the second half constitutes the onlooker bees. The number of employed bees or the onlooker bees is equal to the number of solutions in the swarm. The ABC generates a randomly distributed initial population of SN solutions (food sources), where SN denotes the swarm ...
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) A swarm intelligence method. Intelligent water drops (IWD) A swarm-based optimization algorithm based on natural water drops flowing in rivers Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) A swarm intelligence method. Ant colony clustering method (ACCM) A method that make use of clustering approach, extending the ACO.
Slaughterbots is a 2017 arms-control advocacy video presenting a dramatized near-future scenario where swarms of inexpensive microdrones use artificial intelligence and facial recognition software to assassinate political opponents based on preprogrammed criteria.