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Aflatoxin B 1 is mostly found in contaminated food and humans are exposed to aflatoxin B 1 almost entirely through their diet. [15] Occupational exposure to aflatoxin B 1 has also been reported in swine [16] and poultry production. [17]
Aflatoxin G 1 and G 2 (AFG), produced by some Group II A. flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus [19] Aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1), metabolite of aflatoxin B 1 in humans and animals (exposure in ng levels may come from a mother's milk) Aflatoxin M 2, metabolite of aflatoxin B 2 in milk of cattle fed on contaminated foods [20]
Aflatoxin B1 is the most potent natural carcinogen known [9] and is usually the major aflatoxin produced by toxigenic strains. It is also the best studied: in a large percentage of the papers published, the term aflatoxin can be construed to mean aflatoxin B1. However, well over a dozen other aflatoxins (e.g., P1.
Mycotoxins can appear in the food chain as a result of fungal infection of crops, either by being eaten directly by humans or by being used as livestock feed. In 2004 in Kenya, 125 people died and nearly 200 others required medical treatment after eating aflatoxin -contaminated maize. [ 34 ]
Fruits, vegetables, seeds and beans are all essential parts of a well-balanced and healthy diet, but if these health gems are not consumed properly, they could be poisonous and detrimental to our ...
A. parasiticus produces aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, named for the colours emitted under UV light on thin-layer chromatography plates—either blue and green. The numbers refer to the type of compound with 1 being major and 2 being minor. [3] These aflatoxins are carcinogenic mycotoxins which have detrimental effects to humans and livestock. [4]
Aspergillus nomius is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus.It is from the Flavi section. [2] The species was first described in 1987. [1] It has been reported to produce aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, aspergillic acid, kojic acid, nominine, paspaline, pseurotin, and tenuazonic acid. [2]
The European Commissions' Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) has reported 10 notifications of aflatoxin B1 in maize of European origin since the last maize harvest in autumn 2012. In the 10 years prior to the last harvest—between 2001 and 2011—a total of nine cases of aflatoxins were reported in maize.