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Pulmonary hypertension (PH or PHTN) is a condition of increased blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. [7] Symptoms include shortness of breath, fainting, tiredness, chest pain, swelling of the legs, and a fast heartbeat. [7] [1] The condition may make it difficult to exercise. [7] Onset is typically gradual. [8]
Other causes of pulmonary hypertension, such as left heart disease (WHO group 2), pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease (such as COPD)(WHO group 3) and pulmonary hypertension due to chronic blood clots in the pulmonary arteries (WHO group 4) need to be ruled out. [1] Some tests which are commonly used include a CT scan of the chest ...
Pulmonary (or pulmonic [4]) regurgitation (or insufficiency, incompetence) is a condition in which the pulmonary valve is incompetent [5] and allows backflow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle of the heart during diastole. [6] While a small amount of backflow may occur ordinarily, it is usually only shown on an echocardiogram and ...
The examination typically includes a chest X-ray to check the lungs, a complete blood count, and kidney and liver function tests. Physical examination to determine the quality of the grafts or the safety of removing them, such as varicosities in the legs , or the Allen test in the arm is performed to be sure that blood supply to the arm will ...
Blood tests, and a chest x-ray may be useful to determine the underlying cause. [14] Treatment depends on severity and case. [ 15 ] For people with chronic, stable, or mild heart failure, treatment usually consists of lifestyle changes, such as not smoking , physical exercise , and dietary changes, as well as medications.
The ventilation and perfusion phases of a V/Q lung scan are performed together and may include a chest X-ray for comparison or to look for other causes of lung disease. A defect in the perfusion images requires a mismatched ventilation defect to indicate pulmonary embolism. [8]
Generalized enlargement of the heart is seen upon normal chest X-ray. Pleural effusion may also be noticed, which is due to pulmonary venous hypertension. [28] The electrocardiogram often shows sinus tachycardia or atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, left atrial enlargement, and sometimes intraventricular conduction defects and low ...
It refers to the dilatation and abrupt change in calibre of a previously normal descending pulmonary artery on a chest X-ray film. [1] Chang sign usually appears within 24 hours of the onset of chest pain due to pulmonary embolism, [ 2 ] and the maximal dilatation of the descending pulmonary artery often occurs in two to three days after the ...
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