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The Hawking singularity theorem is based on the Penrose theorem and it is interpreted as a gravitational singularity in the Big Bang situation. Penrose shared half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2020 "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity".
A gravitational singularity, spacetime singularity, or simply singularity, is a theoretical condition in which gravity is predicted to be so intense that spacetime itself would break down catastrophically. As such, a singularity is by definition no longer part of the regular spacetime and cannot be determined by "where" or "when".
He may have been largely responsible for applying the term singularity theory to the area including the input from algebraic geometry, as well as that flowing from the work of Whitney, Thom and other authors. He wrote in terms making clear his distaste for the too-publicised emphasis on a small part of the territory.
A holomorphic function's singularity is either not really a singularity at all, i.e. a removable singularity, or one of the following two types: In light of Riemann's theorem, given a non-removable singularity, one might ask whether there exists a natural number m {\displaystyle m} such that lim z → a ( z − a ) m + 1 f ( z ) = 0 ...
In general relativity, the Raychaudhuri equation, or Landau–Raychaudhuri equation, [1] is a fundamental result describing the motion of nearby bits of matter.. The equation is important as a fundamental lemma for the Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems and for the study of exact solutions in general relativity, but has independent interest, since it offers a simple and general validation ...
This singularity has often been associated to the Big Bang. However the theorem does not tell if it is associated to any other event in the past. The theorem also does not allow to tell when the singularity takes place, or if it is a gravitational singularity or any other kind of boundary condition. [7]
Initial singularity, a hypothesized singularity of infinite density before quantum fluctuations caused the Big Bang and subsequent inflation that created the Universe Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems , in general relativity theory, theorems about how gravitation produces singularities such as in black holes
Great Picard's Theorem (meromorphic version): If M is a Riemann surface, w a point on M, P 1 (C) = C ∪ {∞} denotes the Riemann sphere and f : M\{w} → P 1 (C) is a holomorphic function with essential singularity at w, then on any open subset of M containing w, the function f(z) attains all but at most two points of P 1 (C) infinitely often.