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In contrast to an average velocity, referring to the overall motion in a finite time interval, the instantaneous velocity of an object describes the state of motion at a specific point in time. It is defined by letting the length of the time interval Δ t {\displaystyle \Delta t} tend to zero, that is, the velocity is the time derivative of the ...
Trajectory of a particle with initial position vector r 0 and velocity v 0, subject to constant acceleration a, all three quantities in any direction, and the position r(t) and velocity v(t) after time t. The initial position, initial velocity, and acceleration vectors need not be collinear, and the equations of motion take an almost identical ...
Then, by taking time derivatives, formulas are derived that relate the velocity of the particle as seen in the two frames, and the acceleration relative to each frame. Using these accelerations, the fictitious forces are identified by comparing Newton's second law as formulated in the two different frames.
They show an object's position and velocity initially, and present several spots in the center of the diagram. These spots reveal whether or not the object has accelerated or decelerated. [1] For simplicity, the object is represented by a simple shape, such as a filled circle. It contains information about object positions at particular time ...
Since the velocity of the object is the derivative of the position graph, the area under the line in the velocity vs. time graph is the displacement of the object. (Velocity is on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. Multiplying the velocity by the time, the time cancels out, and only displacement remains.)
For example, for a changing position, its time derivative ˙ is its velocity, and its second derivative with respect to time, ¨, is its acceleration. Even higher derivatives are sometimes also used: the third derivative of position with respect to time is known as the jerk.
Determining position and time of the event A as an example in the diagram leads to the same time for both observers, as expected. Only for the position different values result, because the moving observer has approached the position of the event A since t = 0 .
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