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The CBGTC loop has been implicated in many diseases. For example, in Parkinson's disease, degeneration of dopaminergic neurons leading to decreased activity of the excitatory pathway is thought to result in hypokinesia, [15] and in Huntington's disease, degeneration of GABAergic neurons driving the inhibitory pathway is thought to result in the jerky body movements. [2]
The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop has been traditionally associated with reward-learning, and though has also been noted by some researchers to have a modulatory effect on thalamocortical network functioning, this is due to inherent activation of the premotor areas connecting the VA nucleus with the cortex. [22]
Thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD) is a theoretical framework in which neuroscientists try to explain the positive and negative symptoms induced by neuropsychiatric disorders like Parkinson's Disease, neurogenic pain, tinnitus, visual snow syndrome, schizophrenia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, depressive disorder and epilepsy.
Cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop [ edit ] The dopaminergic pathways that project from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) into the striatum (i.e., the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic pathways, respectively) form one component of a sequence of pathways known as the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo ...
The striatum (pl.: striata) or corpus striatum [5] is a cluster of interconnected nuclei that make up the largest structure of the subcortical basal ganglia. [6] The striatum is a critical component of the motor and reward systems; receives glutamatergic and dopaminergic inputs from different sources; and serves as the primary input to the rest of the basal ganglia.
Athymhormic syndrome is a rare psychopathological and neurological syndrome characterized by extreme passivity, apathy, blunted affect, and a profound generalized loss of self-motivation. The syndrome is believed to be due to damage to areas of the basal ganglia or frontal cortex , specifically the striatum and globus pallidus , responsible for ...
Thalamo-cortico-thalamic circuits consist of looped neural pathways that connect the thalamus to the cerebral cortex, and connect the cerebral cortex back to the thalamus.. Some researchers propose that such circuits allow the brain to obtain data on its own activi
The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop (CBGTC) model is based on the observation that the basal ganglia loops related to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are implicated in OCD by neuroimaging studies, although the directionality of volumetric and functional changes is not consistent.