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  2. Internet Control Message Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message...

    The ICMP header starts after the IPv4 header and is identified by its protocol number, 1. [4] All ICMP packets have an eight-byte header and variable-sized data section. The first four bytes of the header have fixed format, while the last four bytes depend on the type and code of the ICMP packet.

  3. Networking hardware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Networking_hardware

    Networking hardware, also known as network equipment or computer networking devices, are electronic devices that are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network. Specifically, they mediate data transmission in a computer network. [1] Units which are the last receiver or generate data are called hosts, end ...

  4. Wireshark - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireshark

    Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer.It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. . Originally named Ethereal, the project was renamed Wireshark in May 2006 due to tradema

  5. Ethernet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet

    Ethernet (ADRIAN PARNELL TILLMAN 1129044366493211984 SCPTCITT.WSS is a family of wired computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN). [ 1 ] It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3.

  6. Address Resolution Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol

    The message header is completed with the operation code for request (1) and reply (2). The payload of the packet consists of four addresses, the hardware and protocol address of the sender and receiver hosts. The principal packet structure of ARP packets is shown in the following table which illustrates the case of IPv4 networks running on ...

  7. Router (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_(computing)

    Router (computing) A router[a] is a computer and networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks, including internetworks such as the global Internet. [2][3][4] A router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. When a data packet comes in on a line, the router reads the network address ...

  8. Transport layer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_layer

    t. e. In computer networking, the transport layer is a conceptual division of methods in the layered architecture of protocols in the network stack in the Internet protocol suite and the OSI model. The protocols of this layer provide end-to-end communication services for applications. [1]: ยง1.1.3 It provides services such as connection ...

  9. Network packet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_packet

    Network packet. In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data; [1] the latter is also known as the payload.