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A Karnaugh map (KM or K-map) is a diagram that can be used to simplify a Boolean algebra expression. Maurice Karnaugh introduced the technique in 1953 [ 1 ] [ 2 ] as a refinement of Edward W. Veitch 's 1952 Veitch chart , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] which itself was a rediscovery of Allan Marquand 's 1881 logical diagram [ 5 ] [ 6 ] or Marquand diagram . [ 4 ]
In his 1952 paper "A Chart Method for Simplifying Truth Functions", [2] Veitch described a graphical procedure for the optimization of logic circuits, which is referred to as Veitch chart. A year later (in 1953), the method was refined in a paper by Maurice Karnaugh [3] into what became known as Karnaugh map (K-map) or Karnaugh–Veitch map (KV ...
Logic optimization is a process of finding an equivalent representation of the specified logic circuit under one or more specified constraints. This process is a part of a logic synthesis applied in digital electronics and integrated circuit design. Generally, the circuit is constrained to a minimum chip area meeting a predefined response delay.
Don't-care terms are important to consider in minimizing logic circuit design, including graphical methods like Karnaugh–Veitch maps and algebraic methods such as the Quine–McCluskey algorithm. In 1958, Seymour Ginsburg proved that minimization of states of a finite-state machine with don't-care conditions does not necessarily yield a ...
In boolean logic, a disjunctive normal form (DNF) is a canonical normal form of a logical formula consisting of a disjunction of conjunctions; it can also be described as an OR of ANDs, a sum of products, or — in philosophical logic — a cluster concept. [1] As a normal form, it is useful in automated theorem proving.
The Quine–McCluskey algorithm is functionally identical to Karnaugh mapping, but the tabular form makes it more efficient for use in computer algorithms, and it also gives a deterministic way to check that the minimal form of a Boolean F has been reached. It is sometimes referred to as the tabulation method.
Karnaugh worked at Bell Labs and IBM from 1952 to 1993. [1]From 1980 until 1999 Karnaugh taught computer science at Polytechnic University of New York. [1]At Bell Labs, (1952 to 1966), developing the Karnaugh map (1954) as well as patents for PCM encoding [2] and magnetic logic circuits and coding.
Example: The map method usually is done by inspection. The following example expands the algebraic method to show the "trick" behind the combining of terms on a Karnaugh map: Minterms #3 and #7 abut, #7 and #6 abut, and #4 and #6 abut (because the table's edges wrap around). So each of these pairs can be reduced.