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The modern Ukrainian alphabet has 33 letters in total: 21 consonants, 1 semivowel, 10 vowels and 1 palatalization sign. Sometimes the apostrophe (') is also included, which has a phonetic meaning and is a mandatory sign in writing, but is not considered as a letter and is not included in the alphabet.
Standard Ukrainian has been written with the Cyrillic script in a tradition going back to the introduction of Christianity and Old Church Slavonic to Kievan Rus'.Proposals for Latinization, if not imposed for outright political reasons, have always been politically charged and have never been generally accepted, although some proposals to create an official Latin alphabet for Ukrainian have ...
The Ukrainian alphabet displays the following features: Ve (В) represents /ʋ/ (which may be pronounced [w] in a word final position and before consonants). He (Г, г) represents a voiced glottal fricative, (/ɦ/), similar to the respective sound in Belarusian. Ge (Ґ, ґ) appears after He, represents /ɡ/. It looks like He with an "upturn ...
Ukrainian distinguishes hard (unpalatalized or plain) and soft (palatalized) consonants (both phonetically and orthographically). Soft consonants, most of which are denoted by a superscript ʲ , are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate , like the articulation of the y sound in yes .
word-initially, where it became /ji/: Common Slavic *(j)ěsti became Ukrainian ї́сти /ˈjistɪ/ after the postalveolar sibilants where it became /a/: Common Slavic *ležěti became Ukrainian /lɛˈʒatɪ/ (лежа́ти) Common Slavic *i and *y are both reflected in Ukrainian as /ɪ/ [citation needed]
CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I Used in Belarusian, Kazakh, Khakas, Komi, Rusyn, and Ukrainian. Replaces И in those alphabets. Known as "Dotted I" or "Decimal I" ("i desyaterichnoe"). 0407: Ї: CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YI 0406 0308: 0457: ї: CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YI 0456 0308: Used in Church Slavonic, Rusyn, and Ukrainian.
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Ukrainian scientists also took part in the development of the new alphabet and graphics. The first images of 32 letters of the new font, which still form the basis for Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian spelling, were printed in the city of Zhovkva near Lviv .