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Grading in education is the application of standardized measurements to evaluate different levels of student achievement in a course. Grades can be expressed as letters (usually A to F), as a range (for example, 1 to 6), percentages, or as numbers out of a possible total (often out of 100).
The top grade, A, is given here for performance that exceeds the mean by more than 1.5 standard deviations, a B for performance between 0.5 and 1.5 standard deviations above the mean, and so on. [17] Regardless of the absolute performance of the students, the best score in the group receives a top grade and the worst score receives a failing grade.
Different universities convert grades differently: the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) considers a GPA of 3.5 or better as equivalent to gaining a 2:1, [71] while the department of English Language and Literature at Oxford considers a GPA of "about 3.8" equivalent to a first class degree. [72]
In Japan, following the reorganization of national universities in 2004, the Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture has encouraged both public and private universities to adopt a GPA system. [ 7 ] Other higher education institutions give grades on a scale from 0–100 or a few universities apply letter grades.
K–12 (Kindergarten and Basic Education) always uses the Percent Grade, Letter Grade, or both. GWA (general weighted average; similar to GPA) is a representation (often numerical) of the overall scholastic standing of students used for evaluation. GWA is based on the grades in all subjects taken at a particular level including subjects taken ...
Some US universities also provide guidance for converting different grading systems into 4.0 scale grading. For example, UC Berkeley has a GPA Conversion chart for non-US grading systems. [4] The lower grade ranges in 0-100 scale are given higher grades than usual in 4.0 scale for Chinese grading systems.
Results of the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE) and Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE) are expressed in terms of six grades A to F, of which grade A is the highest and F the lowest. Results below grade F are designated as unclassified (UNCL).
3 8 points 3.0 2.0 3- 7 points 3.3 1.7 50–65% 4+ 6 points 3.7 "ausreichend" (sufficient: an achievement that fulfills the requirements despite flaws) 1.3 4 4 5 points 4.0 1.0 0–49% 4- 4 points 5.0 "mangelhaft" / "ungenügend" / "nicht bestanden" (insufficient / failed: an achievement that does not fulfill requirements due to major flaws) 0.0