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The reduction of nitroaromatics is conducted on an industrial scale. [1] Many methods exist, such as: Catalytic hydrogenation using: Raney nickel [2] or palladium-on-carbon, [3] [4] [5] platinum(IV) oxide, or Urushibara nickel.
Nitrobenzene is an aromatic nitro compound and the simplest of the nitrobenzenes, with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 NO 2. It is a water-insoluble pale yellow oil with an almond -like odor. It freezes to give greenish-yellow crystals.
Palladium on carbon, often referred to as Pd/C, is a form of palladium used as a catalyst. [1] The metal is supported on activated carbon to maximize its surface area and activity . Uses
Steps in the hydrogenation of a C=C double bond at a catalyst surface, for example Ni or Pt : (1) The reactants are adsorbed on the catalyst surface and H 2 dissociates. (2) An H atom bonds to one C atom.
The nitration product produced on the largest scale, by far, is nitrobenzene. Many explosives are produced by nitration including trinitrophenol (picric acid), trinitrotoluene (TNT), and trinitroresorcinol (styphnic acid). [3] Another but more specialized method for making aryl–NO 2 group starts from halogenated phenols, is the Zinke nitration.
Nitrobenzenes are a group of nitro compounds consisting of one or more nitro groups as substituents on a benzene core. They have the formula C 6 H 6–n (NO 2) n, where n = 1–6 is the number of nitro groups.
If the benzene ring contains other substituents, it belongs in Category:Nitrobenzene derivatives Pages in category "Nitrobenzenes" The following 15 pages are in this ...
Nitrosobenzene was first prepared by Adolf von Baeyer by the reaction of diphenylmercury and nitrosyl bromide: [4] (C 6 H 5) 2 Hg + BrNO → C 6 H 5 NO + C 6 H 5 HgBr. A modern synthesis entails reduction of nitrobenzene to phenylhydroxylamine (C 6 H 5 NHOH) which is then oxidized by sodium dichromate (Na 2 Cr 2 O 7).