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The reduction of nitro compounds are chemical reactions of wide interest in organic chemistry. The conversion can be effected by many reagents. The nitro group was one of the first functional groups to be reduced. Alkyl and aryl nitro compounds behave differently. Most useful is the reduction of aryl nitro compounds.
The Béchamp reduction (or Béchamp process) is a chemical reaction that converts aromatic nitro compounds to their corresponding anilines using iron as the reductant: [1] 4 C 6 H 5 NO 2 + 9 Fe + 4 H 2 O → 4 C 6 H 5 NH 2 + 3 Fe 3 O 4. This reaction was once a major route to aniline, but catalytic hydrogenation is the preferred method. [2]
Zinin reaction or Zinin reduction involves reduction of nitro aromatic compounds to the amines using sodium sulfide. [1] It is used to convert nitrobenzenes to anilines. [2] [3] The reaction selectively reduces nitro groups in the presence of other easily reduced functional groups (e.g., aryl halides and C=C bonds) are present in the molecule.
Nitro compounds may be reduced to either the hydroxylamine or amine oxidation level with samarium(II) iodide, depending on the conditions employed. Electron transfer, followed by proton transfer and elimination generates an intermediate nitroso compound, which undergoes two more rounds of electron transfer and protonation to afford the ...
It is a common method to make amines and is widely used in green chemistry since it can be done catalytically in one-pot under mild conditions. In biochemistry, dehydrogenase enzymes use reductive amination to produce the amino acid glutamate. Additionally, there is ongoing research on alternative synthesis mechanisms with various metal ...
The Stephen reduction. The Stephen reduction is less used today, because it has been mostly superseded by diisobutylaluminium hydride reduction. Additionally, SnCl 2 is used to selectively reduce aromatic nitro groups to anilines. [12] Aromatic nitro group reduction using SnCl 2. SnCl 2 also reduces quinones to hydroquinones.
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In the lab, phenyl-2-nitropropene is produced by the reaction of benzaldehyde and nitroethane in the presence of a basic catalyst like n-butylamine.The reaction is a nitroaldol reaction, and is a variant of a Knoevenagel condensation reaction, which is one of a broader class of reactions called Henry condensations, or simply Henry reactions.