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A pH controller is recommended to control the CO2. It works by connecting to the CO2 regulator on the CO2 tank and measuring the pH of the solution inside the reactor via a pH probe. The controller will turn on and off the flow of CO2 based on the pH inside the reactor. The pH range for the typical calcium reactor is 6.5–6.8.
Pourbaix diagram of iron. [1] The Y axis corresponds to voltage potential. In electrochemistry, and more generally in solution chemistry, a Pourbaix diagram, also known as a potential/pH diagram, E H –pH diagram or a pE/pH diagram, is a plot of possible thermodynamically stable phases (i.e., at chemical equilibrium) of an aqueous electrochemical system.
A raceway farm for freshwater fin fish usually has a dozen or more parallel raceway strips build alongside each other, with each strip consisting of 15 to 20 or more serial sections. [16] The risk of unhygienic conditions increases towards the lower level sections, and can be kept in check by ensuring there are not too many sections and the ...
The first step of nitrification in the biofilter consumes alkalinity and lowers the pH of the system. [11] Keeping the pH in a suitable range (5.0-9.0 for freshwater systems) is crucial to maintain the health of both the fish and biofilter. pH is typically controlled by the addition of alkalinity in the form of lime (CaCO 3) or sodium hydroxide ...
Many color and tail pattern varieties exist. They generally need a ratio of 1 male to 2 females or more. All guppies and mollies are hardy fish that tolerate lower oxygen levels and temperatures than most aquarium fish, give birth to live young, and readily breed in home tanks. [58] can live in full sea water [59] 66 °F - 84 °F (19 °C - 29 °C)
For a tropical fish tank, maintaining a warm environmental temperature ranging between 75 and 86 °F (24 to 30 °C) enables different tropical fish to thrive at different temperatures. [2] Aquarium substrate usually consists of sand or gravel. Aquarium substrate is important for the fish's health and replicating their natural environment.
If a pH electrode is not well calibrated, an offset correction can be computed in situ from the acid-side Gran slope: For a titration of acid by base, the acid-side slope ( − [ O H − ] 0 10 b 0 {\displaystyle -[OH^{-}]_{0^{}}10^{b_{0}}} ) can serve to compute b 0 {\displaystyle b_{0^{}}} using a known value of [ O H − ] 0 {\displaystyle ...
Most freshwater aquarium fish do well in water that is soft to moderately hard, and that has a pH between 6 and 8. Brackish water aquaria are a special case and need dedicated community tanks. While a few freshwater and marine fish can adapt to brackish water, most cannot.
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