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Traditionalism is broadly defined by adherence toward four maddhabs (Islamic schools of jurisprudence) within the fiqh scholarship, especially the Shafi'i maddhab, and education based on pesantren, an Islamic boarding school system indigenous to the Indonesian archipelago. [5]
In 1998, Gereja Anglikan Indonesia (lit. Anglican Church of Indonesia) was founded to provide better services to native Indonesians. As of 2022, the congregation is present in Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, Batam, Medan, Nunukan, Pontianak, Ambon, and Tarakan. [71]
The history of the arrival of Islam in Indonesia is somewhat unclear. [1] One theory states that Islam arrived directly from Arabia as early as the 9th century, during the time of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. Another theory credits Sufi travelers for bringing Islam in the 12th or 13th century, either from Gujarat in India or from Persia. [2]
Indonesian traditional Quranic school. The spread of Islam in Indonesia was a slow, gradual and relatively peaceful process. One theory suggests it arrived directly from Arabia before the 9th century, while another credits Sufi merchants and preachers for bringing Islam to Indonesian islands in the 12th or 13th century either from Gujarat in India or directly from the Middle East. [4]
The philosopher in Indonesian history of philosophy who firstly understood Budi (or more frequently, Kebudayaan) as culture is Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana (1908–1994). Koentjaraningrat, an American-trained anthropologist, then continued using the meaning in his famous book, Manusia dan Kebudayaan di Indonesia. [6]
Modernism/Reformism in the Indonesian context is defined by its pure adherence toward the Qur'an and Hadith, promotion of ijtihad (individual reasoning), rejection of madh'hab (Islamic schools of jurisprudence) and as well as criticism against taqlid (imitation of judicial precedence) to religious scholars, Sufism, and vernacular traditions based on syncretism with local practices.
The Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Kementerian Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, abbreviated as Kemenbud RI or Kemenbud) is a ministry within the Indonesian Government tasked with organizing government affairs in the field of cultural advancement objects, cultural heritage, and other cultures.
Wayang golek (wooden puppet) performance, Indonesia The history of the wayang golek began in the 17th century. Initially, the wayang golek art emerged and was born on the north coast of the island of Java, especially in Cirebon, the wayang used is the wayang cepak in the form of a papak or flat head.