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Infinite temperature (coldness zero) is shown at the top of the diagram; positive values of coldness/temperature are on the right-hand side, negative values on the left-hand side. Certain systems can achieve negative thermodynamic temperature; that is, their temperature can be expressed as a negative quantity on the Kelvin or Rankine scales.
The theoretical temperature is determined by extrapolating the ideal gas law; by international agreement, absolute zero is taken as 0 kelvin (International System of Units), which is −273.15 degrees on the Celsius scale, [1] [2] and equals −459.67 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale (United States customary units or imperial units). [3]
A few hours later during the early morning hours of Feb. 4, as the temperature dipped further to 10 degrees below zero, this broke that date's record low of 2 degrees below zero from 1886.
Anders Celsius's original thermometer used a reversed scale, with 100 as the freezing point and 0 as the boiling point of water.. In 1742, Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744) created a temperature scale that was the reverse of the scale now known as "Celsius": 0 represented the boiling point of water, while 100 represented the freezing point of water. [5]
The three main types of ground frost are radiation frost (), advection frost (advection hoar frost) and evaporation frost.The latter is a rare type which occurs when surface moisture evaporates into drier air causing its temperature at the surface to fall at or under the freezing point of water. [1]
On the empirical temperature scales that are not referenced to absolute zero, a negative temperature is one below the zero point of the scale used. For example, dry ice has a sublimation temperature of −78.5 °C which is equivalent to −109.3 °F. [97] On the absolute Kelvin scale this temperature is 194.6 K.
In the southern part of Finland, -15 °C (5 °F) is considered the limit of severe frost. The thermometer in the picture shows -17 °C (1.4 °F). The English word "frost" has 2 base meanings that are related to each other but nevertheless sufficiently different: temperature of air below the freezing point of water (ca 273 K)
This is a list of countries and sovereign states by temperature. Average yearly temperature is calculated by averaging the minimum and maximum daily temperatures in the country, averaged for the years 1991 – 2020, from World Bank Group , derived from raw gridded climatologies from the Climatic Research Unit .