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The coat of arms of the Weimar Republic shown above is the version used after 1928, which replaced that shown in the "Flag and coat of arms" section. The flag of Nazi Germany shown above is the version introduced after the fall of the Weimar Republic in 1933 and used till 1935, when it was replaced by the swastika flag , similar, but not exactly the same as the flag of the Nazi Party that had ...
The Social Democrats and Communists fall to 18% and 12%, respectively. [113] 23 March: The Enabling Act of 1933 passes the Reichstag. It gives the chancellor and cabinet the power to write and enforce laws without the involvement of the Reichstag or the German president. It essentially marked the end of the Weimar Republic. [114]
Karl Dietrich Bracher (13 March 1922 – 19 September 2016) was a German political scientist and historian of the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany, born in Stuttgart.During World War II, he served in the Wehrmacht and was captured by the Americans while serving in Tunisia in 1943.
The Weimar Years: Rise and Fall 1918–1933. New York City: Apollo Publishers. ISBN 978-1803284781. Schumann, Dirk (2009). Political Violence in the Weimar Republic, 1918–1933: Fight for the Streets and Fear of Civil War. Berghahn. Lindemann, Gerhard; Schmeitzner, Mike, eds. (2020).
Hyperinflation affected the German Papiermark, the currency of the Weimar Republic, between 1921 and 1923, primarily in 1923. The German currency had seen significant inflation during the First World War due to the way in which the German government funded its war effort through borrowing, with debts of 156 billion marks by 1918.
The history of the nation state known as the German Reich is commonly divided into three periods: German Empire (1871–1918) Weimar Republic (1918–1933) Nazi Germany (1933–1945) German Empire (1871–1918) Weimar Republic (1919–1933) German Reich in 1943. However the term Deutsches Reich dates back earlier than all of this.
The October events formed a part of the existential crisis of the Weimar Republic in 1923. Three major events in 1923, the occupation of the Ruhr, separatist unrest in the Rhineland and the Palatinate, and the danger of Hitler's far-right beer hall putsch in Bavaria spreading across the country put the Weimar Republic government under extreme ...
The Nazi regime abolished the symbols of the Weimar Republic—including the black, red, and gold tricolour flag—and adopted reworked symbolism. The previous imperial black, white, and red tricolour was restored as one of Germany's two official flags; the second was the swastika flag of the Nazi Party, which became the sole national flag in ...