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In cis women, spironolactone can cause menstrual irregularities, breast tenderness, and breast enlargement. [39] [64] [112] Aside from these adverse effects, the side effects of spironolactone in women taking high doses are minimal, and it is well tolerated. [64] [86] [113]
Description: Side effects of spironolactone (25–400 mg/day) with ≥1% incidence in a 2017 hybrid systematic review of clinical studies of spironolactone for acne in women. Side effects with <1% incidence included postural hypotension, depression, diarrhea, muscle pain, increased appetite, drowsiness, rashes/drug eruptions, chloasma-like skin ...
However, a small clinical study found that high doses of spironolactone had neither progestogenic nor antiprogestogenic effects in women. [16] [17] In any case, if one or both of these actions are clinically relevant, they might contribute to the menstrual irregularities and breast side effects of spironolactone.
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Eplerenone is a newer drug that was developed as a spironolactone analog with reduced adverse effects. In addition to the y-lactone ring and the substituent on C-7, eplerenone has a 9α,11α-epoxy group. This group is believed to be the reason why eplerenone has a 20-40-fold lower affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor than spironolactone. [7]
Unlike spironolactone, bicalutamide has no antimineralocorticoid activity, [97] and for this reason, has no risk of hyperkalemia (which can, rarely/in severe cases, result in hospitalization or death) [112] or other antimineralocorticoid side effects such as urinary frequency, dehydration, hypotension, hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis, or ...
The French soccer federation president is joining forces with the country's referees after Marseille president Pablo Longoria accused them of being corrupt in a bitter rant that followed his team ...
Common short-term side effects may include injection site reactions, headaches, mood swings, changes in weight or appetite, fatigue, insomnia, muscle aches and changes in breast tissue, but these are usually manageable. [69] [70] [71]