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A biofertilizer is a substance containing living micro-organisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. [1]
[38] [39] A University of North Carolina study found that potential mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) in the soil was 182–285% higher in organic mulched systems than in the synthetics control. [40] There do exist 'fast-release' organic fertilizers with a risk of fertilizer burn. These include uncomposted animal manures, fish emulsion, blood meal ...
At least one study has so far shown a significant increase in crop production linked to the production of "auxins, cytokinins, and GA–like substances" by A. chroococcum. [6] In addition to these biomolecules, this bacterium has been found to be able to produce "siderophores, ammonia, and ACC deaminase", as well as indoleacetic acid, which all ...
Azotobacter also synthesizes some biologically active substances, including some phytohormones such as auxins, [52] thereby stimulating plant growth. [ 53 ] [ 54 ] They also facilitate the mobility of heavy metals in the soil, thus enhancing bioremediation of soil from heavy metals, such as cadmium , mercury and lead . [ 55 ]
Compost tea is made up of extracts of fermented water leached from composted materials. [ 70 ] [ 76 ] Composts can be either aerated or non-aerated depending on its fermentation process. [ 77 ] Compost teas are generally produced from adding compost to water in a ratio of 1:4–1:10, occasionally stirring to release microbes .
Ammonium sulfate is made by treating ammonia with sulfuric acid: 2 NH 3 + H 2 SO 4 → (NH 4) 2 SO 4. A mixture of ammonia gas and water vapor is introduced into a reactor that contains a saturated solution of ammonium sulfate and about 2% to 4% of free sulfuric acid at 60 °C.
Thousands of hours of work can go into a red-carpet gown or royal wedding dress. But those efforts pale in comparison to elaborate beaded outfits made about 5,000 years ago in southwestern Spain.
It has been found that food contamination from fertilizer is of little concern as plants accumulate little fluoride from the soil; of greater concern is the possibility of fluoride toxicity to livestock that ingest contaminated soils. [99] [100] Also of possible concern are the effects of fluoride on soil microorganisms. [99] [100] [101]