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A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. [1] When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an energy change as new products are generated.
As an example in everyday life, hand warmers make use of the oxidation of iron to achieve an exothermic reaction: 4Fe + 3O 2 → 2Fe 2 O 3 ΔH⚬ = - 1648 kJ/mol. A particularly important class of exothermic reactions is combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel, e.g. the burning of natural gas:
In exothermic chemical reactions, the heat that is released by the reaction takes the form of electromagnetic energy or kinetic energy of molecules. [12] The transition of electrons from one quantum energy level to another causes light to be released.
The termination phase involves the interaction of a radical with an antioxidant molecule, such as α-tocopherol (vitamin E), which inhibits the propagation of chain reactions, thus terminating peroxidation. Another method of termination is the reaction between a lipid radical and a lipid peroxide, or the combination of two lipid peroxide ...
Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many intermediate states are known to exist, such as liquid crystal , and some states only exist under extreme conditions, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and Fermionic condensates (in extreme cold), neutron-degenerate matter (in extreme density), and ...
Biological processes are made of many chemical reactions or other events that are involved in the persistence and transformation of life forms. [1] Regulation of biological processes occurs when any process is modulated in its frequency, rate or extent.
Yogurt is the MVP of healthy grab-and-go breakfasts.Whether Greek-style or regular, flavored or plain, many of us reach for it at least once a week.Some people swear by eating yogurt every single ...
Equilibrium state requires that all reaction forward and backward mechanism happens at the same rate. [8] Thus, the overall net reaction is determined by the sum of all the mechanism steps where the rate depends on the concentration and temperature. The blue bottle experiment illustrates this principle of interacting reactions with different ...