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Rutherfordium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Rf and atomic number 104. It is named after physicist Ernest Rutherford. As a synthetic element, it is not found in nature and can only be made in a particle accelerator. It is radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 267 Rf, has a half-life of about 48 minutes.
The synthetic elements are those with atomic numbers 95–118, as shown in purple on the accompanying periodic table: [1] these 24 elements were first created between 1944 and 2010. The mechanism for the creation of a synthetic element is to force additional protons into the nucleus of an element with an atomic number lower than 95.
Rutherfordium (104 Rf) is a synthetic element and thus has no stable isotopes. A standard atomic weight cannot be given. The first isotope to be synthesized was either 259 Rf in 1966 or 257 Rf in 1969. There are 17 known radioisotopes from 252 Rf to 270 Rf (three of which, 266 Rf, 268 Rf, and 270 Rf, are unconfirmed) and several isomers.
Group 4 is the second group of transition metals in the periodic table. It contains only the four elements titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), and rutherfordium (Rf). ). The group is also called the titanium group or titanium family after its lightest me
James Andrew Harris (March 26, 1932 – December 12, 2000) was an American radiochemist who was involved in the discovery of elements 104 and 105 (rutherfordium and dubnium, respectively). Harris was the head of the Heavy Isotopes Production Group, part of the Nuclear Chemistry Division of the University of California, Berkeley .
Predicted values are used beyond rutherfordium (element 104). Lawrencium (element 103) has a very low first ionization energy, fitting the start of the d-block trend better than the end of the f-block trend before it. [79] In 2015, the first ionization energy of lawrencium was measured, using the isotope 256 Lr. [6] The measured value, 4.96 +0.08
These chemical elements are usually synthetically prepared. Most cannot be found in nature. Most cannot be found in nature. Although technetium , promethium , astatine , neptunium , and plutonium do occur in nature, they are very rare and were all discovered by synthesis.
All element articles and their infoboxes use IUPAC spelling of elements and compounds. Notably, that is aluminium, sulfur, caesium , not aluminum, sulphur, cesium . For other English variant words (vapor vs. vapour) the infobox reads |engvar= .