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Atum is the god of pre-existence and post-existence. In the binary solar cycle, the serpentine Atum is contrasted with the scarab-headed god Khepri—the young sun god, whose name is derived from the Egyptian ḫpr "to come into existence". Khepri-Atum encompassed sunrise and sunset, thus reflecting the entire cycle of morning and evening.
In the creation myth of the Heliopolitan form of ancient Egyptian religion, Benben was the mound that arose from the primordial waters Nu upon which the creator deity Atum settled. The Benben stone is associated with the top stone of a pyramid , which is called a pyramid's pyramidion (or benbenet ).
Iusaaset, Iusaas, or, in Greek, Saosis, is a primordial goddess in Ancient Egyptian religion, a feminine counterpart to the male creator deity Atum. [1] Iusaaset was depicted as a woman with a scarab beetle on her head. [1] She was worshipped in the city of I͗wnw or Iunu, Greek Heliopolis, as was Atum. [2]
Like most gods in Egyptian mythologies, gods had multiple names; his additional names were Re, Amun-Re, Khepri, Ra-Horakhty, and Atum. [ 10 ] As the chief deity of the Egyptian Empire , Amun-Ra also came to be worshiped outside Egypt, according to the testimony of ancient Greek historiographers in Libya and Nubia .
Atum – A creator god and solar deity, first god of the Ennead [11] Bennu – A solar and creator deity , depicted as a Heron [ 12 ] Bes – Apotropaic god, represented as a dwarf , particularly important in protecting children and women in childbirth [ 13 ]
The Ennead or Great Ennead was a group of nine deities in Egyptian mythology worshipped at Heliopolis: the sun god Atum; his children Shu and Tefnut; their children Geb and Nut; and their children Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys. [2] The Ennead sometimes includes Horus the Elder, an ancient form of the falcon god, not the son of Osiris and Isis.
Plutarch likely equated Rhea with the Egyptian goddess Nut. [11] [12] She had five children on each of the five days: Osiris, later ruler of the gods and then god of the dead; Horus the Elder,Set, (equated with Typhon) Isis and Nephthys. The first two children were fathered by Helios, Isis by Mercury, and Set and Nephthys by Saturn.
The ba of a god was said to periodically leave the divine realm to dwell in the images of that god. [188] By inhabiting these images, the gods left their concealed state and took on a physical form. [76] To the Egyptians, a place or object that was ḏsr—"sacred"—was isolated and ritually pure, and thus fit for a god to inhabit. [189]