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In population genetics, the Watterson estimator is a method for describing the genetic diversity in a population. It was developed by Margaret Wu and G. A. Watterson in the 1970s. [1] [2] It is estimated by counting the number of polymorphic sites. It is a measure of the "population mutation rate" (the product of the effective population size ...
Hierarchical coalescent models. Population genetic data from multiple co-distributed species. [78] PopABC: Software package for inference of the pattern of demographic divergence. Coalescent simulation. Bayesian model choice. [79] ONeSAMP: Web-based program to estimate the effective population size from a sample of microsatellite genotypes.
For example, since 1 hour is 3 twenty-minute intervals, the population in one hour is () =. The hourly growth factor is 8, which means that for every 1 at the beginning of the hour, there are 8 by the end. Indeed, = ( ()) =
Matrix population models are a specific type of population model that uses matrix algebra. Population models are used in population ecology to model the dynamics of wildlife or human populations. Matrix algebra, in turn, is simply a form of algebraic shorthand for summarizing a larger number of often repetitious and tedious algebraic computations.
The function also adheres to the sigmoid function, which is the most widely accepted convention of generally detailing a population's growth. Moreover, the function makes use of initial growth rate, which is commonly seen in populations of bacterial and cancer cells, which undergo the log phase and grow rapidly in numbers. Despite its ...
Boltzmann's distribution is an exponential distribution. Boltzmann factor (vertical axis) as a function of temperature T for several energy differences ε i − ε j.. In statistical mechanics and mathematics, a Boltzmann distribution (also called Gibbs distribution [1]) is a probability distribution or probability measure that gives the probability that a system will be in a certain ...
P 0 = P(0) is the initial population size, r = the population growth rate, which Ronald Fisher called the Malthusian parameter of population growth in The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, [2] and Alfred J. Lotka called the intrinsic rate of increase, [3] [4] t = time. The model can also be written in the form of a differential equation:
GEE estimates the average response over the population ("population-averaged" effects) with Liang-Zeger standard errors, and in individuals using Huber-White standard errors, also known as "robust standard error" or "sandwich variance" estimates. [3]