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Manganese is a pysical element; it has symbol Mn and atomic number 27. It is a hard, brittle, silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron . Manganese was first isolated in the 1770s.
The carbonate is calcined in air to give a mixture of manganese(II) and manganese(IV) oxides. To complete the process, a suspension of this material in sulfuric acid is treated with sodium chlorate. Chloric acid, which forms in situ, converts any Mn(III) and Mn(II) oxides to the dioxide, releasing chlorine as a by-product. [9]
Manganese(II) oxide is an inorganic compound with chemical formula MnO. [2] It forms green crystals. The compound is produced on a large scale as a component of fertilizers and food additives .
Manganese(II,III) oxide is the chemical compound with formula Mn 3 O 4. Manganese is present in two oxidation states +2 and +3 and the formula is sometimes written as MnO · Mn 2 O 3 . Mn 3 O 4 is found in nature as the mineral hausmannite .
Manganese(II) iodide is the chemical compound composed of manganese and iodide with the formula MnI 2 (H2O) n. The tetrahydrate is a pink solid while the anhydrous derivative is beige. [2] Both forms feature octahedral Mn centers. Unlike MnCl 2 (H 2 O) 4 and MnBr 2 (H 2 O) 4 which are cis, MnI 2 (H 2 O) 4 is trans. [3]
Manganese(II) sulfide is a chemical compound of manganese and sulfur. It occurs in nature as the mineral alabandite (isometric), rambergite (hexagonal), and recently found browneite (isometric, with sphalerite-type structure, extremely rare, known only from a meteorite).
Manganese oxide is any of a variety of manganese oxides and hydroxides. [1] These include Manganese(II) oxide, MnO; Manganese(II,III) oxide, Mn 3 O 4; Manganese(III) oxide, Mn 2 O 3; Manganese dioxide, MnO 2; Manganese(VI) oxide, MnO 3; Manganese(VII) oxide, Mn 2 O 7; Other manganese oxides include Mn 5 O 8, Mn 7 O 12 and Mn 7 O 13.
The manganese–oxygen distance is 165.9 pm, about 3 pm longer than in permanganate. [5] As a d 1 ion, it is paramagnetic, but any Jahn–Teller distortion is too small to be detected by X-ray crystallography. [5] Manganates are dark green in colour, with a visible absorption maximum of λ max = 606 nm (ε = 1710 dm 3 mol −1 cm −1).