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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels. [3] CVDs constitute a class of diseases that includes: coronary artery diseases (e.g. angina, heart attack), heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease ...
Circulation "The state of health in the Arab world, 1990–2010: an analysis of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors" 2010: January 2014: The Lancet "Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries, 1980–2012" 2013: January 2014: Journal of the American Medical Association
Poverty is one of the major social determinants of health. The World Health Report (2002) states that diseases of poverty account for 45% of the disease burden in the countries with high poverty rate which are preventable or treatable with existing interventions. [2] Diseases of poverty are often co-morbid and ubiquitous with malnutrition. [3]
Interruptions of coronary circulation quickly cause heart attacks (myocardial infarctions), in which the heart muscle is damaged by oxygen starvation. Such interruptions are usually caused by coronary ischemia linked to coronary artery disease , and sometimes to embolism from other causes like obstruction in blood flow through vessels.
Globalization, the flow of information, goods, capital, and people across political and geographic boundaries, allows infectious diseases to rapidly spread around the world, while also allowing the alleviation of factors such as hunger and poverty, which are key determinants of global health. [1]
"The poor health of the poor, the social gradient in health within countries, and the marked health inequities between countries are caused by the unequal distribution of power, income, goods, and services, globally and nationally." [1] First, structural violence is often a major determinant of the distribution and outcome of disease. [4]
In 2015, about 155 million people had PAD worldwide. [13] It becomes more common with age. [27] In the developed world, it affects about 5.3% of 45- to 50-year-olds and 18.6% of 85- to 90-year-olds. [7] In the developing world, it affects 4.6% of people between the ages of 45 and 50 and 15% of people between the ages of 85 and 90. [7]
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for global public health. [2] It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has six regional offices [3] and 150 field offices worldwide. Only sovereign states are eligible to join, and it is the largest intergovernmental health organization at the ...