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Water and Land Ritual painting of Buddhist, Daoist, and Folk Deities. Buddhism is a religion that is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama. The main principles of this belief system are karma, rebirth, and impermanence. Buddhists believe that life is full of suffering, but that suffering can be overcome by attaining enlightenment.
Buddhism has influenced Greek literary tradition to some extent, as evident in the works of Nikos Kazantzakis. [3] There are many Buddhist centers in Greece, four centers founded by the Diamond Way and other centers in cities such as Athens , Thessaloniki , Sparta and Rhodes .
Confucianism focuses on the practical order that is given by a this-worldly awareness of tian. [12] The worldly concern of Confucianism rests upon the belief that human beings are fundamentally good, and teachable, improvable, and perfectible through personal and communal endeavor, especially self-cultivation and self-creation.
Confucianism traditionally holds that these values are based on the transcendent principle known as Heaven (Tiān 天), and also includes the belief in spirits or gods . [110] Confucianism was a major ideology of the imperial state during the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE) and was revived as Neo-Confucianism during the Tang dynasty (618
Confucianism in particular raised fierce opposition to Buddhism in early history, principally because it perceived Buddhism to be a nihilistic worldview, with a negative impact on society at large. "The Neo-Confucianists had therefore to attack Buddhist cosmological views by affirming, in the firstplace, the reality and concreteness of the ...
The fenghuang as a detail of a 10th-century Chinese relief.. The phoenix halls are concerned with the salvation of the disciples, which basically means deification. [10] This is worked on in a long process of "cultivating the Way" (), that is the right mode of living through the basic virtues of benevolence (ren), righteousness (yi), propriety (li), and filial piety (xiao).
In Confucianism, the Sangang Wuchang (Chinese: 三綱五常; pinyin: Sāngāng Wǔcháng), sometimes translated as the Three Fundamental Bonds and Five Constant Virtues or the Three Guiding Principles and Five Constant Regulations, [1] or more simply "bonds and virtues" (gāngcháng 綱常), are the three most important human relationships and the five most important virtues.
Confucianism is a complex system of moral, social and political thought, influential in the history of East Asia. [26] It is highly debated amongst scholars whether Confucianism is a religion or simply an ethical system. The Chinese Communist Party does not recognize it as a religion. [27]