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Aciurina bigeloviae Cotton-gall Tephritid; Aciurina thoracica Desert Broom Gallfly; Aciurina trixa Bubble-gall Tephritid; Cecidochares connexa Chromolaena Stem Gall Fly; Eurosta comma goldenrod
To form galls, the insects must take advantage of the time when plant cell division occurs quickly: the growing season, usually spring in temperate climates, but which is extended in the tropics. The meristems , where plant cell division occurs, are the usual sites of galls, though insect galls can be found on other parts of the plant, such as ...
Galls are growth deformities induced in certain plants by various insects which are mostly species-specific. Galls induced by insects can be viewed as an extended phenotype of the inducing insect, and gall-inducing insects specialize on their host plants, often to a greater extent than insects that feed on the same plant without creating galls. [2]
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The induced galls are shared with a community of insects including transient occupants, opportunistic foragers, parasitoids, inquilines, and parasitoids of inquilines. [2] These galls are divided into microscale niches allowing for the coexistence of ecologically similar species that exploit similar feeding strategies.
As the name implies, the larvae of most gall midges feed within plant tissue, creating abnormal plant growths called galls. Cecidomyiidae are very fragile small insects usually only 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) in length; many are less than 1 mm (0.039 in) long.
In the winter time galls of D. mayri are often opened by predators just as are the galls of D. rosae.These predators may be birds as in the case of other Cynipidae galls: for D. rosae the lesser spotted woodpecker (Picoides minor), [2] for Andricus spp. and Neuroterus spp. the great tit (Parus major).
The host plant reacts by producing extra cells and the affected areas becomes swollen and rolls downwards and encloses the wax covered nymphs. Each gall may contain two or three generations and by the end of summer contain all stages of the insect. [1] The galls are pale-coloured with violet or red markings. [2]