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minimum brightness [42] +1.33: star Alpha Centauri B: seen from Earth +1.86: planet Mars: seen from Earth minimum brightness [42] +1.98: star Polaris: seen from Earth mean brightness [49] +3.03: supernova SN 1987A: seen from Earth in the Large Magellanic Cloud (160,000 light-years away) +3 to +4: Faintest stars visible in an urban neighborhood ...
It includes all stars brighter than magnitude +2.50 in visible light, measured using a V-band filter in the UBV photometric system. Stars in binary systems (or other multiples) are listed by their total or combined brightness if they appear as a single star to the naked eye, or listed separately if they do not.
The final characteristic provided in the tables and star charts is the star's brightness, expressed in terms of apparent magnitude. Magnitude is a logarithmic scale of brightness, designed so that a body of one magnitude is approximately 2.512 times brighter than a body of the next magnitude.
Consequently, a magnitude 1 star is about 2.5 times brighter than a magnitude 2 star, about 2.5 2 times brighter than a magnitude 3 star, about 2.5 3 times brighter than a magnitude 4 star, and so on. This is the modern magnitude system, which measures the brightness, not the apparent size, of stars.
Factor ()Multiple Value Item 0 0 lux 0 lux Absolute darkness 10 −4: 100 microlux 100 microlux: Starlight overcast moonless night sky [1]: 140 microlux: Venus at brightest [1]: 200 microlux
As with all magnitude systems in astronomy, the latter scale is logarithmic and inverted i.e. more negative numbers are more luminous. Most stars on this list are not bright enough to be visible to the naked eye from Earth, because of their high distances, high extinction, or because they emit most of their light outside the visible range.
An illustration of the constellation Perseus (after Perseus from Greek mythology) from the star atlas published by the Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius in 1690. A star catalogue is an astronomical catalogue that lists stars. In astronomy, many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers. There are a great many different star catalogues ...
Objects in the catalogue include (among other things) the coordinates of nebulae, brightness from 1 to 6 (with 1 being the brightest and 6 being barely detectable), colour and size and cross-references to other astronomical catalogues if listed elsewhere. [2]