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Elijah Muhammad (born Elijah Robert Poole; October 7, 1897 – February 25, 1975) was an American religious leader, black separatist, and self-proclaimed Messenger of Allah who led the Nation of Islam (NOI) from 1933 until his death in 1975.
Yakub was born a short distance outside the city, and was among the third of original black people who were discontented with life in this society. [2] A member of the Meccan branch of the Tribe of Shabazz , Yakub acquired the nickname "big head", because of his unusually large head and arrogance.
The teaching of the Jehovah's Witnesses has been called "the most obvious non-Islamic source for [Fard's] teachings". [80] Fard was known to teach from what a Detroit newspaper described as "The Bible of Islam"; in 2023, the book was identified as Deliverance! by Joseph Franklin Rutherford, of the Watch Tower Society or Jehovah's Witnesses. [81]
Fard Muhammad claimed that he was an Arab from Mecca who had come to the United States on a mission to the African-American people, whom he called the "Nation of Islam", to restore them to their original faith. [268] The Nation has since taught that Fard Muhammad was Allah himself. [269]
The first person who professed Islam was his wife, Khadija bint Khuwaylid. The identity of the second male Muslim, after Muhammad himself, is nevertheless disputed largely along sectarian lines, as Shia and some Sunni sources identify him as the first Shia imam Ali ibn Abi Talib , a child at the time, who grew up in the household of his cousin ...
[8] the holiest sanctuary, containing the Ka'bah, a site of the Ḥajj ('Pilgrimage'), the Qiblah [9] (Direction of formal prayers of Muslims), and the first mosque [10] [11] in Islamic thought. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Rebuilt many times, notably 1571 by the Ottomans , and the late 20th century by the Saudis, further enlargement under way since 2010.
The NOI has been seen by some as attempting to be its own religion separate of Islam. [citation needed] The first book analyzing the Nation of Islam was The Black Muslims in America (1961) by C. Eric Lincoln. [citation needed] Lincoln describes how religious services use myths and over-generalizations to indoctrinate NOI adherents.
During the first half of the 20th century, a small number of African Americans established groups based on Islamic and Gnostic teachings. The first of these groups was the Moorish Science Temple of America, founded by Timothy Drew (Drew Ali) in 1913. Drew taught that black people were of Moorish origin but their Muslim identity was taken away ...