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Hydrochloric acid has been used for dissolving calcium carbonate, e.g. such things as de-scaling kettles and for cleaning mortar off brickwork. When used on brickwork the reaction with the mortar only continues until the acid has all been converted, producing calcium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water: CaCO 3 + 2 HCl → CaCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O
For example, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is a diprotic acid. Since only 0.5 mol of H 2 SO 4 are needed to neutralize 1 mol of OH −, the equivalence factor is: f eq (H 2 SO 4) = 0.5. If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is c(H 2 SO 4) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be called a "2 normal" solution.
C 6 H 6 + CH 3 Cl → C 6 H 5 CH 3 + HCl C 6 H 6 + 2 CH 3 Cl → C 6 H 4 (CH 3) 2 + 2 HCl C 6 H 6 + n CH 3 Cl → C 6 H 6−n (CH 3) n + n HCl. In this example, which reaction takes place is controlled in part by the relative concentrations of the reactants.
Crotonic acid has 4 carbons, is included in croton oil, and is a trans-2-mono-unsaturated fatty acid. C 3 H 5 CO 2 H, IUPAC organization name (E)-but-2-enoic acid, trans-but-2-enoic acid, numerical representation 4:1, n-1, molecular weight 86.09, melting point 72–74 °C, boiling point 180–181 °C, specific gravity 1.027. CAS registry number ...
Mass fraction can also be expressed, with a denominator of 100, as percentage by mass (in commercial contexts often called percentage by weight, abbreviated wt.% or % w/w; see mass versus weight). It is one way of expressing the composition of a mixture in a dimensionless size ; mole fraction (percentage by moles , mol%) and volume fraction ...
36 Cl decays to either 36 S (1.9%) or to 36 Ar (98.1%), with a combined half-life of 308,000 years. The half-life of this hydrophilic nonreactive isotope makes it suitable for geologic dating in the range of 60,000 to 1 million years.
C(NH 2) + 3 + OH − ⇌ HNC(NH 2) 2 + H 2 O. The equilibrium is not complete because the acidity difference between guanidinium and water is not large. The approximate pK a values: 13.6 vs 15.7. Complete deprotonation should be done with extremely strong bases, such as lithium diisopropylamide. C(NH 2) + 3 Cl − + Li + N(C 3 H 7) − 2 → ...
For example H 3 O + CuCl 2 − forms in concentrated hydrochloric acid. [15] Chloride is displaced by CN − and S 2 O 3 2−. [12] Solutions of CuCl in HCl absorb carbon monoxide to form colourless complexes such as the chloride-bridged dimer [CuCl(CO)] 2. The same hydrochloric acid solutions also react with acetylene gas to form [CuCl(C 2 H 2 ...