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The following exergonic equilibrium gives rise to the triiodide ion: . I 2 + I − ⇌ I − 3. In this reaction, iodide is viewed as a Lewis base, and the iodine is a Lewis acid.The process is analogous to the reaction of S 8 with sodium sulfide (which forms polysulfides) except that the higher polyiodides have branched structures.
Figure 2: A donor-acceptor interaction diagram illustrating construction of the triiodide anion σ natural bond orbitals from I 2 and I − fragments. In the natural bond orbital viewpoint of 3c–4e bonding, the triiodide anion is constructed from the combination of the diiodine (I 2) σ molecular orbitals and an iodide (I −) lone pair.
In its pure state, boron triiodide forms colorless, otherwise reddish, shiny, air and hydrolysis-sensitive [3] crystals, which have a hexagonal crystal structure (a = 699.09 ± 0.02 pm, c = 736.42 ± 0.03 pm, space group P6 3 /m (space group no. 176)). [4] Boron triiodide is a strong Lewis acid and soluble in carbon disulfide. [2]
The structure of monomeric and dimeric forms have been characterized in the gas phase. [6] The monomer, AlI 3, is trigonal planar with a bond length of 2.448(6) Å, and the bridged dimer, Al 2 I 6, at 430 K is a similar to Al 2 Cl 6 and Al 2 Br 6 with Al−I bond lengths of 2.456(6) Å (terminal) and 2.670(8) Å (bridging).
Nitrogen triiodide is an inorganic compound with the formula N I 3. It is an extremely sensitive contact explosive : small quantities explode with a loud, sharp snap when touched even lightly, releasing a purple cloud of iodine vapor; it can even be detonated by alpha radiation .
Antimony triiodide is the chemical compound with the formula Sb I 3. This ruby-red solid is the only characterized "binary" iodide of antimony, i.e. the sole compound isolated with the formula Sb x I y. It contains antimony in its +3 oxidation state. Like many iodides of the heavier main group elements, its structure depends
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Thallium triiodide is a chemical compound of thallium and iodine with formula TlI 3. Unlike the other thallium trihalides, which contain thallium(III), TlI 3 is a thallium(I) salt and contains the triiodide ion, I − 3. An appreciation as to why Tl + is not oxidised to Tl 3+ in the reaction: Tl 3+ + 2 I − → Tl + + I 2