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Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain from 1808 to 1814. Afrancesado (Spanish: [afɾanθeˈsaðo], Portuguese: [ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu]; "Francophile" or "turned-French", lit.. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the Spanish and Portuguese partisan of Enlightenment ideas, Liberalism, or the French Revolution, that supported Napoleon's occupation as a means to implant these idea
The Third of May 1808 by Francisco Goya, attacks Napoleon by showing Spanish resisters being executed by his soldiers.. In the political realm, historians debate whether Napoleon was "an enlightened despot who laid the foundations of modern Europe" or "a megalomaniac who wrought greater misery than any man before the coming of Hitler". [4]
Enlightened Despotism. Gershoy, Leo. (1963). From Despotism to Revolution, 1763–1789 (1944). online free to borrow; Krieger, Leonard. An essay on the theory of enlightened despotism (U of Chicago Press, 1975). Ingrao, Charles. "The problem of 'enlightened absolutism' and the German States." Journal of Modern History 58 (1986): S161–S180. online
The Senate's decision on 17 February 1810 created the title "King of Rome", and made Rome the capital of Italy. Between 1810 and 1812 Napoleon's divorce of Joséphine, and his marriage with Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria, followed by the birth of his son, shed light upon his future policy. He gradually withdrew power from his siblings and ...
Dazzled by Napoleon's campaign in the Middle East, the public received him with an ardor that convinced Sieyès he had found the general indispensable to his planned coup; [2] however, from the moment of his return, Napoleon plotted a coup within the coup, ultimately gaining power for himself rather than Sieyès. Probably the weightiest ...
[This quote needs a citation] Hazareesingh believes that although recent research shows Napoleon used forced conscription of French troops, some men must have fought believing in Napoleon's ideals. He says that to argue Bonapartism co-opted the masses is an example of the Marxist perspective of false consciousness : the idea that the masses can ...
Napoleon Bonaparte promoted French nationalism based upon the ideals of the French Revolution such as the idea of liberty, equality, fraternity and justified French expansionism and French military campaigns on the claim that France had the right to spread the enlightened ideals of the French Revolution across Europe, and also to expand France ...
Joseph Bonaparte (born Giuseppe di Buonaparte, Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe di ˌbwɔnaˈparte]; Corsican: Ghjuseppe Bonaparte; Spanish: José Bonaparte; 7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844) was a French statesman, lawyer, diplomat and older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte.